Jauh sebelum Friedrich Mohs memeperkenalkan metodologi pengukurannya, metode perbandingan kekerasan dengan melihat mineral mana yang mampu menggores mineral lain sudah lama ada. Meskipun masih sangat sederhana metode pengukuran ini telah ada. Pertama kali disebutkan oleh Theophrastus dalam tulisannya Tentang Batuan sekitar tahun 200 SM, diikuti Plinius yang Tua dalam Naturalis Historia sekitar tahun 77 M.
Namun demikian di dunia batu mulia moderen, skala Mohs adalah yang dipakai acuan oleh para gemologist. Adapun skala Mohs yang ada adalah sebagai berikut:
Perbandingan kekerasan benda disekitar kita:
No
|
Skala Kekerasan
|
Jenis Benda
|
a
|
6.5
|
Lempengan
Baja
|
b
|
5.5
|
Kaca
Jendela
|
c
|
5
|
Pisau
|
d
|
3
|
Uang
Logam (copper)
|
e
|
2
|
Kuku Jari Tangan
|
Perbandingan kekerasan batu mulia:
No
|
Skala Mohs
|
Jenis Batuan
|
|
dari
|
smp
|
||
a
|
10.0
|
Diamond
|
|
b
|
9.0
|
Ruby
|
|
b
|
9.0
|
Sapphire
|
|
b
|
9.0
|
Star Ruby
|
|
b
|
9.0
|
Star Sapphire
|
|
b
|
9.0
|
Color-Change Sapphire
|
|
c
|
8.5
|
Chrysoberyl Cat's Eye
|
|
c
|
8.5
|
Alexandrite
|
|
c
|
8.5
|
Chrysoberyl
|
|
d
|
8.0
|
Topaz
|
|
d
|
8.0
|
Rutile
Topaz
|
|
d
|
8.0
|
Azotic
Topaz
|
|
d
|
8.0
|
Mystic Topaz
|
|
d
|
8.0
|
Spinel
|
|
d
|
8.0
|
Imperial
Topaz
|
|
e
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
Emerald
|
e
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
Aquamarine
|
e
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
Goshenite
|
e
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
Cat's Eye Aquamarine
|
e
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
Beryl
|
e
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
Morganite
|
e
|
7.0
|
8.5
|
Dumortierite
Quartz
|
f
|
7.5
|
Andalusite
|
|
f
|
7.5
|
Hambergite
|
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Demantoid
Garnet
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Cat's Eye Tourmaline
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Tourmaline
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Paraiba
Tourmaline
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Danburite
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Chrome Tourmaline
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Iolite
|
g
|
7.0
|
7.5
|
Rubellite Tourmaline
|
h
|
7.0
|
Quartz Cat's Eye
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Amethyst
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Smoky Quartz
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Quartz
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Star Lemon Quartz
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Rose Quartz
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Ametrine
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Kunzite
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Citrine
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Mystic Quartz
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Strawberry
Quartz
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Aventurine
|
|
h
|
7.0
|
Rutile Quartz
|
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Mali Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Spessartite Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Grossularite Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Star Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Color-Change Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Zircon
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Hessonite Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Tsavorite Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Almandine Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Pyrope Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Rhodolite Garnet
|
i
|
6.5
|
7.5
|
Sillimanite Cat's Eye
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Tanzanite
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Peridot
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Jasper
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Axinite
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Chrysoprase
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Fossil Coral
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Dendritic
Agate
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Fire Agate
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Tiger's Eye
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Agate
Geode
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Star Rose Quartz
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Ruby-Zoisite
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Hiddenite
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Agate
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Melanite
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Color-Change
Diaspore
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Bloodstone
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Tiger's
Eye Matrix
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Cat's
Eye Diaspore
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Spodumene
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Peanut
Wood
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Onyx
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Carnelian
|
j
|
6.5
|
7.0
|
Chalcedony
|
k
|
6.5
|
Idocrase
|
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Andesine
Labradorite
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Star Moonstone
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Prehnite
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Labradorite
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Rainbow
Moonstone
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Rainbow
Pyrite
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Sunstone
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Moonstone
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Sugilite
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Star Sunstone
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Jadeite
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Nephrite Jade
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Orthoclase
|
k
|
6.0
|
6.5
|
Amazonite
|
l
|
6.0
|
7.0
|
Maw-Sit-Sit
|
l
|
6.0
|
7.0
|
Cassiterite
|
l
|
6.0
|
7.0
|
Kyanite
|
m
|
6.0
|
Clinohumite
|
|
m
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Hematite
|
m
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Opal Doublet
|
m
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Fire Opal
|
m
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Rhodonite
|
m
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Boulder
Opal
|
m
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Opal
|
n
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
Cat's Eye Scapolite
|
n
|
5.5
|
6.5
|
Moss
Opal
|
n
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
Nuummite
|
n
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
Scapolite
|
n
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
Sodalite
|
n
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
Hackmanite
|
n
|
5.0
|
6.0
|
Lapis Lazuli
|
n
|
5.0
|
6.0
|
Tremolite-Hexagonite
|
n
|
5.0
|
6.0
|
Star
Diopside
|
n
|
5.0
|
6.0
|
Turquoise
|
n
|
5.0
|
6.0
|
Chrome
Diopside
|
n
|
5.0
|
6.0
|
Tashmarine
Diopside
|
o
|
5.5
|
Moldavite
|
|
o
|
5.0
|
5.5
|
Sphene
|
o
|
5.0
|
5.5
|
Snowflake
Obsidian
|
o
|
5.0
|
5.5
|
Obsidian
|
p
|
5.0
|
Hemimorphite
|
|
p
|
5.0
|
Smithsonite
|
|
p
|
5.0
|
Cat's Eye Apatite
|
|
p
|
5.0
|
Apatite
|
|
q
|
4.5
|
5.0
|
Larimar
|
q
|
4.5
|
5.0
|
Gaspeite
|
q
|
4.5
|
5.0
|
Charoite
|
r
|
4.0
|
5.0
|
Variscite
|
s
|
4.0
|
Rhodochrosite
|
|
s
|
4.0
|
Ammolite
|
|
s
|
4.0
|
Fluorite
|
|
t
|
3.5
|
4.0
|
Azurite
|
t
|
3.5
|
4.0
|
Malachite
|
t
|
3.5
|
4.0
|
Sphalerite
|
u
|
3.0
|
4.0
|
Coral
|
v
|
3.0
|
Calcite
|
|
v
|
3.0
|
Verdite
|
|
w
|
2.5
|
4.5
|
Pearl
|
x
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
Lepidolite
|
z
|
2.0
|
2.5
|
Amber
|
y
|
2.0
|
4.0
|
Chrysocolla
|
y
|
2.0
|
4.0
|
Seraphinite
|
Font yang di bold dalam daftar adalah batuan yang sering kita temui di pasar batu mulia di dalam negeri.
Sebagai gambaran kekerasan batu mulia, dan lebih memudahkan kita mengetahui kekerasan batu mulia dengan skala Mohs dapat dilihat seperti grafik/figure dibawah ini, yang diambil dari GIA (Gemological Institute of America).
 |
| Pict. Source: www.4csblog.gia.edu |
Setelah kita tahu daftar kekerasan batu mulia, bagaimana menguji batu mulia milik kita dan mencocokkan dengan tabel diatas?
Ada beberapa cara mengetahui kekerasan batu mulia:
- Dengan menggoreskan ke kaca (tidak direkomendasikan karena berisiko scratch penampang batu mulia)
- Menggunakan alat penguji kekerasan berlian/Diamond Selector. Banyak merek baik dari German, China, dll.
- Bawa ke Lab terdekat ;)....
 |
| Diamond Selector |
Untuk membedakan imitasi atau natural, treat atau untreat kita bahas pada sesi selanjutnya.
Referensi tulisan: wikipedia, GIA website, sumber-sumber lain
Break Dulu ya :)...
Kalau Mau Blanja Dulu Silahkan Klik Mulai di Sini Gemstones For Sell
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